The video titled "How Smell, Taste & Pheromone-Like Chemicals Control You" explores the role of sensory cues in influencing emotions, memories, and decision-making processes. It emphasizes the importance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome for brain function and overall health. The video discusses the existence of human pheromones and the release of chemicals in tears, sweat, and breath. It also highlights the significance of blood tests in understanding and improving health. The video provides protocols and tools to enhance our chemical sensing abilities and improve alertness, vision, and brain function. It discusses the impact of smell and taste on memory and learning, as well as the effects of pheromones on behavior and physiology. The video also explores the connection between taste receptors and reproductive behaviors. Overall, it emphasizes the profound influence of smell, taste, and pheromone-like chemicals on human biology and behavior.
Introduction
The Huberman Lab Podcast, hosted by Andrew Huberman, provides science-based tools for everyday life. The podcast is sponsored by Roka, a company that offers lightweight and optically clear sunglasses and eyeglasses. Listeners can get a 20% discount on their first order using the code "Huberman" on the Roka website.
The podcast episode titled "How Smell, Taste & Pheromone-Like Chemicals Control You" emphasizes the importance of blood tests in understanding and improving health. It introduces InsideTracker, a personalized nutrition platform that analyzes blood and DNA data to provide actionable insights. InsideTracker offers convenient testing options and provides a dashboard with directives on nutrition, exercise, sleep, and lifestyle factors. The episode shares personal examples of using InsideTracker to make adjustments for better health.
The video titled "How Smell, Taste & Pheromone-Like Chemicals Control You" discusses the role of sensory cues in influencing emotions, memories, and decision-making processes. It highlights the significance of maintaining a healthy gut microbiome for brain function and overall health. The video recommends InsideTracker and Athletic Greens as supplements for optimal health and nutrition.
Sensing Chemicals: Smell, Taste & Chemicals That People Make To Control Each Other
Chemical sensing is the main focus of this video, specifically the sense of smell, taste, and the chemicals that humans produce to control each other. The video explores the existence of human pheromones and the release of chemicals in tears, sweat, and breath. It also introduces tools and protocols to enhance our chemical sensing abilities. The video discusses how these chemicals can influence emotions, enhance taste and cognition, and affect learning and memory. It highlights the similarities between human biology and that of other animals in these aspects.
Vision Protocols Recap (Brief) & Correction
The most profound aspect of the text is that the speaker provides a brief recap and correction on vision protocols.
Key points:
- The speaker summarizes 13 protocols that can improve alertness and vision over time.
- Near-far viewing exercises, focusing on a pen or object up close and then looking into the distance, are mentioned as an important protocol.
- Spending two hours a day outside is recommended to offset myopia.
- Lutein is discussed as a compound that can help offset age-related macular degeneration.
- The speaker corrects a mistake made in the previous episode regarding lutein, clarifying that leucine is an amino acid for muscle building, while lutein is for vision supplementation.
Color Vision: Excellent Resource: What is Color? (The Book)
Color vision is a fascinating aspect of the human visual system that sets us apart from other animals. The book "What Is Color?: 50 Questions and Answers on the Science of Color" by Arielle and Joann Eckstut is an excellent resource for understanding color vision, art, and the science behind color perception. The book has been vetted by color vision scientists and offers beautiful illustrations. It is highly recommended for those interested in design, art, or the science of color.
Key points from the text:
- Color vision is a unique characteristic of the human visual system.
- The book "What Is Color?: 50 Questions and Answers on the Science of Color" provides a comprehensive understanding of color vision, art, and the science behind color perception.
- The book has been reviewed and approved by color vision scientists.
- It includes visually appealing illustrations.
- Recommended for individuals interested in design, art, or the science of color.
How We Sense Chemicals: Enter Our Nose, Mouth, Eyes, Skin
Our sensory organs detect different physical stimuli, including chemicals, which can control us. Volatile chemicals in the environment can be inhaled through our nose and detected by our brain. Chemicals can also enter our system through our mouth and other mucosal linings. Pheromones released by others can enter our system through our nose, eyes, or mouth and profoundly impact our biology. Smell, taste, and pheromones can fundamentally change our behavior and physiology.
The Chemicals From Other People’s Tears Lower Testosterone & Libido
The Chemicals From Other People’s Tears Lower Testosterone & Libido
- A study found that men's testosterone levels significantly decreased when they smelled tears evoked by sadness, and brain areas associated with sexual arousal were also reduced.
- The study used only female tears and male subjects, limiting its generalizability.
- Chemicals in tears can affect the biology of others, even without intentional sniffing or smelling.
- Interpersonal communication through chemicals is an intriguing and often overlooked aspect of human biology.
SMELL: Sniffing, A Piece of Your Brain In Your Nose, 3 Responses To Smells
Smell is initiated by sniffing, allowing volatile chemicals to enter the nose. The olfactory bulb, located at the base of the brain, contains neurons that respond to different odors. These neurons split into three paths, including one for innate odor responses. Innate responses help detect potential threats and project to the amygdala. Smells trigger heightened alertness and a desire to approach pleasant stimuli. Olfactory neurons are responsible for these responses, with some being innate and others learned associations.
Smells & Memory: Why They Are So Powerfully Associated
The sense of smell is closely tied to memory because olfaction is one of our most ancient senses. The olfactory system has the ability to imprint memories early on and create powerful associations. Certain smells can evoke memories of specific places, people, or contexts. This is because we have pathways in our nose that are not for innate behaviors, but rather for reminding us of certain things or contexts. These pathways exist in all of us, and there is ongoing debate about whether they are truly separate from the other pathways.
Key points:
- Olfaction is one of our most ancient senses and is closely tied to memory.
- The olfactory system can imprint memories early on and create powerful associations.
- Certain smells can evoke memories of specific places, people, or contexts.
- Pathways in our nose exist to remind us of certain things or contexts.
- There is ongoing debate about whether these pathways are separate from other pathways.
Pheromone Effects: Spontaneous Miscarriage, Males & Timing Female Puberty
Pheromone effects are a powerful phenomenon observed in animals, but their existence and impact in humans are still controversial.
Key points:
- True pheromone effects can cause spontaneous miscarriage in animals like rodents and mandrills when a pregnant female is exposed to the scent of a novel male.
- The Vandenbergh effect is another example, where exposure to the scent of a sexually competent male triggers early puberty in females.
- In humans, there are chemical sensing mechanisms between individuals that may be independent of the nose.
- Smells and odors can impact us through three pathways: the olfactory system, the accessory olfactory pathway (responsible for true pheromone effects in animals), and other chemical sensing mechanisms.
Sniffing Creates Alertness & If Done Properly Can Help You Focus & Learn Better
Sniffing and inhaling through the nose has a significant impact on brain function and learning. It increases alertness, attention, and arousal compared to exhaling. Research has shown that the act of inhaling is linked to cognitive processes and can enhance the acquisition and retention of information. Being a nasal breather is beneficial for jaw structure, immune system function, and overall health.
- Sniffing increases brain alertness and enhances focus and learning.
- Inhaling has a powerful effect on attention, focus, and memory.
- Exhaling decreases arousal and learning ability.
- Nasal breathing improves learning compared to mouth breathing.
- Sniffing can be used as a tool to enhance cognition and learning.
- Practicing sniffing can improve sense of smell and taste.
Protocol 1: Sniffing (Nothing) 10-15X Enhances Your Ability to Smell & Taste
- Sniffing nothing 10-15 times before smelling enhances odor perception
- Deep inhalation through the nose wakes up the brain and increases smell sensitivity
- Improved smell leads to improved taste
- Nasal breathing while learning or retaining information is beneficial
- Smelling salts can also stimulate the brain
Smelling Salts, Ammonia & Adrenaline
Smelling salts, containing ammonia, trigger the innate pathway from the nose to the amygdala, waking up the brain and body. They revive people who have passed out and increase alertness in fighters and powerlifters. Smelling salts release adrenaline, providing a jolt of energy and heightened desire to move. Nasal breathing subtly wakes up the system and alerts the brain. Enhancing the sense of smell leads to a deeper connection to smells and tastes, including other individuals. Sniffing strong odors like lemon increases brain arousal and enhances the experience of smelling and tasting.
How You Can Become A Human Scent Hound, Detecting Cancer, & Tasting Better
Enhancing our sense of smell can have numerous benefits, from improving our ability to distinguish different odors to detecting diseases like cancer. Here are the key points:
- A study showed that eliminating visual, auditory, and tactile senses can enhance our sense of smell, allowing us to follow scent trails and differentiate between odors.
- Dogs can be trained to detect scents with high accuracy, including bombs, drugs, and even COVID infections. There are theories that they can also sniff out cancer.
- Enhancing our sense of smell can enhance our sense of pleasure when eating. Taking 10-15 sniffs before interacting with food can improve olfactory and taste sensitivity.
- Smelling food before and during eating can have long-term effects on our ability to distinguish different odors, even for non-pungent foods.
- Sniffing can increase brain alertness and sensitivity, leading to a positive shift in perception and enhancing discernment in our eating habits.
Improving our sense of smell can greatly enhance our overall experience of eating and potentially contribute to better health outcomes.
Smell As A Readout Of Brain Health & Longevity; Regaining Lost Sense Of Smell
Loss of sense of smell and taste can be an indication of brain health and can even be an early sign of conditions like dementia or Parkinson's. The olfactory neurons in our nose constantly replenish throughout our lifespan, unlike other brain neurons, making them a potential indicator of recovery from brain damage. Factors such as exercise, blood flow, social interactions, and exposure to different odors can increase the production of new neurons in the olfactory system. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter associated with motivation and drive, also plays a role in the establishment of new neurons and the sense of smell. However, a poor sense of smell does not necessarily indicate low dopamine levels. Some antidepressants can improve the sense of smell in a short period of time. Understanding the loss and regaining of smell and taste has important implications for overall health.
Dopamine, Sense Of Smell, New Neurons & New Relationships
The relationship between dopamine, sense of smell, new neurons, and new relationships is explored in this video. It highlights the following key points:
- Dopamine, testosterone, and estrogen play a role in new relationships and can affect our sense of smell.
- People in new relationships often become obsessed with the scent of their partner and may borrow their clothing to smell it.
- Aging can lead to a loss of sense of smell, which may be related to a loss of other neurons in the eyes and ears.
- The video suggests tools to enhance olfactory and taste abilities, such as interacting with positive odors and sniffing more, as it activates the brain's response to these chemicals.
Why Brain Injury Causes Loss Of Smell; Using Smell To Gauge & Speed Recovery
Loss of smell is a common issue in traumatic brain injury, caused by damage to olfactory neurons. The severity and recovery of a head injury can be measured by the restoration of smell. Olfactory training has shown promise in improving post-injury smell loss. Engaging with smells and tastes can help address the loss of smell. The olfactory system plays a significant role in controlling brain and nervous system function.
Using Smell To Immediately Becoming Physically Stronger
- Ammonia inhalants, also known as smelling salts, have a "psyching up effect" and can increase physical strength.
- A study published in the Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research in 2018 found that smelling salts can enhance maximal force and force development in various movements.
- Smelling salts can be used to immediately enhance physical strength.
Smelling In Our Dreams, Active Sniffing In Sleep, Sniffing As a Sign Of Consciousness
In our dreams, we can smell things, but our ability to wake up in response to odors is diminished during REM sleep. Sniffing in sleep can be measured and can elicit a response by introducing an odor. However, this relationship becomes harder to establish later in the night. Clinicians use the ability to sniff in response to an odor to assess brain function and determine consciousness. Odor and chemical sensing is commonly used in clinics to assess brain arousal.
Mint Scents Create Alertness By Activating Broad Wake-Up Pathways
Mint scents activate olfactory neurons, triggering alertness and arousal. They work by stimulating adrenaline and can be evoked by various stimuli. The nervous system categorizes stimuli and generates general responses.
Protocol 2 Pleasant Or Putrid: The Microwave Popcorn Test, Cilantro, Asparagus, Musk
The topic of the video is about how smell, taste, and pheromone-like chemicals control individuals. The speaker discusses the differences in people's perception of smells, using examples such as the smell of microwave popcorn and cilantro. He explains that variations in genes encoding olfactory receptors determine whether individuals can detect certain odors. Some people find the smell of microwave popcorn unpleasant because they have a gene that allows them to detect a putrid odor within it, while others who lack that gene cannot smell it. The speaker emphasizes that sensory experiences vary among individuals, and what one person finds pleasant, another may find disgusting. He also mentions that certain tastes can evoke deep biological and hormonal responses. The specific compound responsible for the toasted smell in popcorn is 2-acetyl-1-pyrroline, which is also found in white bread and jasmine rice.
- Smell, taste, and pheromone-like chemicals control individuals
- Differences in perception of smells based on variations in olfactory receptor genes
- Some people find the smell of microwave popcorn unpleasant due to a gene that detects a putrid odor
- Sensory experiences vary among individuals
- Certain tastes can evoke biological and hormonal responses
- Compound responsible for toasted smell in popcorn also found in white bread and jasmine rice
- Microwave Popcorn Test reveals different perceptions of smell
- Cilantro, asparagus, and musk scents can be perceived differently by individuals
Skunks, Costello, All Quiet On The Western Front
The smell of skunks elicits different reactions in people, with some finding it mildly pleasant and others finding it noxious. This preference is determined by inherited genes in olfactory neurons.
TASTE: Sweet, Salty, Bitter, Umami, Sour; Your Tongue, Gustatory Nerve, NST, Cortex
Scientists have identified five primary tastes: sweet, salty, bitter, sour, and umami. Taste receptors are intermixed throughout the tongue, not organized in specific regions. Receptor density and brain activity determine sensitivity to tastes. Sweet receptors respond to sugars like photoreceptors in the eye respond to light wavelengths. Taste buds on the tongue contain receptors that form the gustatory nerve, which sends signals to the brain. The nerve travels to the nucleus of the solitary tract, thalamus, and insular cortex. In the insular cortex, we perceive and distinguish between tastes within 100 milliseconds. Each taste is encoded by different receptors.
Energy, Electrolytes, Poisons, Gagging, Amino Acid & Fatty Acid Sensing, Fermentation
Our sense of taste and smell play a crucial role in our survival and well-being.
- Sweet receptors help us identify foods that provide rapid energy in the form of sugars.
- Salty receptors ensure that we consume enough electrolytes, such as sodium, potassium, and magnesium, which are essential for the proper functioning of our nervous system.
- Bitter receptors help us avoid ingesting poisonous substances by triggering the gag reflex when we taste something bitter.
- Some individuals have a low threshold gag reflex, making them more sensitive to unpleasant tastes and smells.
Our sense of taste and smell, specifically the umami and sour receptors, serve as signals for important substances in our body.
- The umami receptor detects savory flavors because they indicate the presence of amino acids, which are essential for our survival and brain function.
- The sour receptor is meant to detect spoiled or fermented food, which can be harmful or even poisonous.
- The sour receptor triggers the pucker response in our brainstem to protect us from consuming potentially harmful substances.
The taste system guides us to ingest certain substances and avoid others.
- The sixth sense within the taste system is yet to be identified.
Our 6th Sense of Taste: FAT Sensing
Our 6th sense of taste includes the ability to sense fat.
Key points:
- Receptors on our tongue specifically detect fat content in food.
- Fat is essential for the function of our nervous system and other organs.
- The texture and flavor of fat can be highly appealing to some individuals.
- The ability to sense fat in our mouth is critical for our overall taste perception.
Gut-Brain: Your Mouth As An Extension Of Your Gut; Burned Mouth & Regeneration
The gut-brain connection is not a new concept, as neurons in our gut can sense substances we consume and send signals to the brain. However, it is important to recognize that the mouth is an extension of our gut and plays a crucial role in evaluating what we consume. The mouth serves as the starting point of our digestive tract and allows us to determine if something is safe, tasty, or putrid through our sense of smell and taste. The mouth and tongue have receptors for various tastes, and these receptors can regenerate if damaged. Additionally, taste is highly trainable and can be enhanced through training.
Protocol 3: Learn To Be A Super-Taster By Top-Down Behavioral Plasticity
Protocol 3: Learn To Be A Super-Taster By Top-Down Behavioral Plasticity
- Taste and smell systems can be trained through top-down behavioral plasticity.
- Paying attention to what you're trying to taste helps detect nuances and differences in flavors.
- Tequila and wine can develop a sensitive and nuanced palate.
- The olfactory cortex makes sense of sensory information and determines its utility.
- Neural circuitry in the olfactory cortex is highly adaptable and can be shaped through behavioral changes.
- Taste, unlike vision or hearing, can be highly subjective.
- Taste receptors, such as sweet and umami receptors, have different chemical structures.
The Umami-Sweet Distinction: Tigers Versus Pandas
Carnivorous animals like tigers and grizzly bears have a high concentration of umami receptors, allowing them to detect savory flavors with much greater sensitivity than humans. However, they lack the ability to taste sweet. On the other hand, herbivorous animals like pandas have a heightened density of sweet receptors, enabling them to taste sweet flavors with greater intensity. This distinction in taste receptors is associated with the type of diet and aggression propensity of the animals.
- Tigers and grizzly bears have a high concentration of umami receptors, making them sensitive to savory flavors.
- Carnivorous animals lack the ability to taste sweet.
- Pandas have a heightened density of sweet receptors, allowing them to taste sweet flavors intensely.
- The distinction in taste receptors is linked to the animals' diet and aggression propensity.
Eating More Plants Versus Eating More Meat, Cravings & Desire
- Eating a diet high in meat can lead to a craving for umami flavors
- A plant-based diet can lead to a desire for sugars and plant-based foods
- The more meat one eats, the more they will crave umami flavors
- Avoiding meat and consuming plant-based and sweet foods will increase the desire for sweet foods
Food That Makes You Feel Good Or Bad: Taste Receptors On Our Testes Or Ovaries
Taste receptors are not only found on the tongue but also in other cells and tissues, including the gut, digestive system, ovaries, and testes. This suggests that the reproductive organs may be activated by certain tastes, although the mechanism is not yet understood. Chemical sensing in the body plays a role in our response to food, with some foods making us feel good and others creating a negative reaction.
- Taste receptors are found in various cells and tissues, including the reproductive organs.
- The activation of reproductive organs by certain tastes is not fully understood.
- Chemical sensing in the body affects our response to food.
- Some foods make us feel good, while others have a negative effect.
Biological Basis For The Sensuality of Umami and Sweet Foods
The biological basis for the sensuality of umami and sweet foods is explored in this video. Key points include:
- Sweet and umami tastes are associated with sensuality and reproductive behaviors.
- T2Rs and T1Rs receptors, responsible for detecting sweet and umami flavors, are found on the tongue, digestive tract, and gonads.
- Eating certain foods may potentially stimulate the gonads, although more research is needed.
- The presence of taste receptors in other tissues, such as the respiratory system, is mentioned.
- The concentration of taste receptors on the tongue and gonads may bridge the sensory experience of food and deeper visceral pleasure or desire.
Appetitive & Aversive Sensing: Touching Certain Surfaces, Tasting Certain Foods
The video explores the concept of appetitive and aversive sensing, specifically how certain surfaces and foods can elicit positive or negative responses in our bodies. Key points include:
- Our nervous system is wired to be drawn towards pleasurable experiences and repelled by unpleasant ones.
- Receptors on the tongue, also found in the gonads, suggest a connection between certain foods and desires.
- The video transitions to discussing a specific aspect of food and a chemical reaction in cooking.
Amino Acids Are Key To Life, The Maillard Reaction, Smell-Taste Merge, Food Texture
The Maillard reaction is a non-enzymatic browning process that occurs when sugar reacts with amino acids, resulting in a savory taste. This reaction involves the interaction of chemicals with different structures, including hydrogens, oxygens, and aldehyde groups. Through the use of heat and brazing, a ketone group is created, which can be used for energy. Ketones have a savory smell and taste, similar to alcohol.
Key points:
- The Maillard reaction is a chemical reaction that occurs when food is heated, resulting in a tangy, umami-like flavor.
- Ketones are released during the Maillard reaction and have a distinct smell.
- The relationship between smell and taste is close, and when combined, they activate multiple brain areas and trigger behaviors associated with taste.
- The Maillard reaction makes amino acids more available for detection by neurons.
- Highly processed foods that trigger dopamine responses also exhibit the phenomenon of amino acids being more available for detection.
- Processed foods are designed to extend shelf life and create desirable textures that drive the dopamine system and make people desire these foods.
How Processed Food Make You Crave More Processed Foods
- Processed foods contain chemicals that make you crave more of them
- These chemicals activate neurons in your gut, which release dopamine
- Dopamine makes you seek more of the food, regardless of taste or blood sugar levels
- You may eat more processed foods because they feel good on your tongue and trigger dopamine release
Protocol 4: Invert Your Sense of Sweet & Sour: Miracle Fruit; Swapping Bitter & Sweet
Miracle fruit, available for purchase online, can invert our sense of taste, making sour foods taste sweet by changing the configuration of taste receptors. Genetically engineered animals have shown that swapping bitter and sweet receptors in the tongue can alter the brain's response to different foods. Taste receptors play a crucial role in shaping our perception of food. By consuming miracle fruit, we can experience flavors differently, even with non-sweet foods, providing insight into the significance of sweetness in our taste experience.
Pheromones, Desire To Continue Mating: Coolidge Effect Occurs In Males & Females
The Coolidge effect is a well-established pheromone effect observed in animals, particularly rodents and roosters. It refers to the phenomenon where a male, after mating and reaching exhaustion, regains the ability to mate when presented with a new female. Similarly, females also exhibit the Coolidge effect and will refuse to mate unless a new male is introduced. This effect is triggered by the odor of a new male or female, indicating that it is a pheromonal interaction. Humans have a vestigial olfactory bulb called Jacobson's organ, suggesting the potential for pheromonal effects in humans as well.
- The Coolidge effect is a pheromone effect observed in animals, where males and females regain the ability to mate when presented with a new partner.
- The effect is triggered by the odor of a new male or female, indicating a pheromonal interaction.
- Humans have a vestigial olfactory bulb called Jacobson's organ, suggesting the potential for pheromonal effects in humans.
- There is debate about the existence of the vomeronasal organ in humans, but there is evidence of chemical signaling between individuals.
- Tears have been found to suppress areas of the brain involved in sexual desire and testosterone in males.
- There is both supporting and opposing evidence regarding chemical signaling between females.
Do Women Influence Each Others Menstrual Cycles?
Women can influence each other's menstrual cycles through chemical-chemical signaling, but it does not necessarily mean that they synchronize. The timing of the menstrual cycle can be impacted depending on whether women are in the ovulation or follicular phase. Chemicals emitted by one female can clash with the cycles of other females. This effect has been observed in humans, where individuals can recognize the t-shirt of their mate. Scientists are still unsure about the specific pheromone in tears that can also influence menstrual cycles.
Recognizing the Smell Of Your Romantic Partner
Women in stable relationships have a remarkable ability to recognize the scent of their romantic partner, even when it is diluted and undetectable consciously. This suggests the presence of chemical-chemical signaling between humans, although its pheromonal nature remains uncertain.
Key points:
- In a study, women accurately identified their partner's scent among a hundred different shirts.
- The ability to recognize the scent demonstrates a high level of olfactory discrimination.
- Even when the scent was diluted to an undetectable level, women still had a greater than chance ability to identify their partner's shirt.
Differences In Odor Detection Ability, Effects Of Hormones
Women have a better ability to detect odors than men, which is influenced by their menstrual cycle. Hormones play a significant role in our sense of smell and taste. Our ability to detect the chemical states of others affects our desire to be around them and our reproductive responses. This has implications for reproductive biology and disease transmission. Further research is needed in this area, but there are interesting studies and reviews available.
- Women have a superior odor detection ability compared to men
- Odor detection ability varies according to the menstrual cycle
- Hormones have a profound impact on our sense of smell and taste
- Our ability to detect the chemical states of others influences our desire to spend time with them and our reproductive responses
- This has implications for reproductive biology and disease transmission
- Further research is needed in this area
- Studies and reviews on this topic are available
We Rub The Chemicals Of Others On Our Eyes and Skin, Bunting Behavior
Humans actively seek out and evaluate the chemicals that come from other individuals. This behavior, known as bunting, involves transferring chemicals from skin contact to the eyes. When we shake hands with someone, we are marking them with our scent, and they are unknowingly rubbing our scent on themselves.
Key points:
- After shaking hands with someone for the first time, people almost always touch their eyes within a few seconds.
- Bunting behavior is subconscious and involves transferring chemicals from skin contact to the eyes.
- Animals also exhibit bunting behavior when they rub their scent glands on others.
- Humans have the ability to sense and evaluate the chemicals emitted by others through their breath and skin.
- This behavior demonstrates our subconscious tendency to assess our surroundings through smell, taste, and physical contact.
Summary
The sense of smell plays a crucial role in brain function and communication between individuals. Inhaling can enhance the sense of smell and improve brain function. Chemical signaling shapes biology and controls human behavior. The video encourages viewers to subscribe, engage on social media, and access additional resources on the website. Future episodes will cover the effects of supplements on biology and the nervous system. The speaker expresses gratitude for the audience's interest in science.